INTENSE!: "It has been my experience that introductory programming books (and, sadly, most trade computer books) tend to do a great deal of handholding. They cover concepts at a very slow pace by padding them heavily with overblown examples and irrelevant anecdotes that only the author could conceivably find amusing, making it difficult to ferret out the facts. Frankly, I find such unprofessionalism incredibly infuriating. In my opinion, it does the reader a great disservice to take perhaps 400 pages of information and pad it with another 600 pages of junk." variables are declared with "dim" as in: Dim Name AsString Name = CharlesBroskoski function declaration: Public Function AddOne(Value As Integer) As Integer AddOne = Value + 1 End Function Set rng2 = Nothing when something happens, it is called an "event" With Range("a1:b4, d2:e2") .Interior.Color = RGB(196, 196, 196) With .Borders(xlEdgeBottom) .Weight = xlThick .Color = RGB(255, 0, 0) End With End With Enum XlLineStyle xlLineStyleNone = -4142 xlDouble = -4119 xlDot = -4118 xlDash = -4115 xlContinuous = 1 xlDashDot = 4 xlDashDotDot = 5 xlSlantDashDot = 13 End Enum Enum XlPattern xlPatternVertical = -4166 xlPatternUp = -4162 xlPatternNone = -4142 xlPatternHorizontal = -4128 xlPatternGray75 = -4126 xlPatternGray50 = -4125 xlPatternGray25 = -4124 xlPatternDown = -4121 xlPatternAutomatic = -4105 xlPatternSolid = 1 xlPatternChecker = 9 xlPatternSemiGray75 = 10 xlPatternLightHorizontal = 11 xlPatternLightVertical = 12 xlPatternLightDown = 13 xlPatternLightUp = 14 xlPatternGrid = 15 xlPatternCrissCross = 16 xlPatternGray16 = 17 xlPatternGray8 = 18 End Enum im convinced....excel is a good drawing machine.